Bihar Key Facts

📍 Bihar: Key Facts

🗺️ Geography & Demographics

• Location: Eastern India

• Area: 94,163 km²

• Population (2025): ~130.7 million

• Population Density: 1,388 persons/km²

• Urbanization Rate: 20%

• Youth Demographics: ~58% under 25 years

💰 Economic Overview

• Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP, 2025–26): ₹10.97 lakh crore (US$130 billion)

• Per Capita Income: ₹65,394 (US$765)

• GDP Growth Rate (2023–24): 9.2%

• Sectoral Composition:

  • Agriculture: 19.9%

  • Industry: 21.5%

  • Services: 58.6%

📈 Market Size by Business Category

🧑‍🌾 Agriculture & Allied Sectors

• Contribution to GSDP: ~19.9%

• Key Products:

  • Litchi: 71% of India's production

  • Makhana (Fox Nuts): 90% of global production

  • Vegetables: 9.8% of national production

  • Fruits: 6.7% of national production

• Emerging Crops: Dragon fruit, strawberries

• Employment: ~49.6% of the workforce

🏭 Industry & Manufacturing

• Contribution to GSDP: 21.5%

• Growth Rate (2021–22): 3.9%

• Key Industries:

  • Food Processing

  • Textiles

  • Leather Goods

  • Handicrafts

• Special Economic Zones (SEZs): Developing in Gaya, Muzaffarpur, Bhagalpur

💼 Services Sector

• Contribution to GSDP: 58.6%

• Key Sub-sectors:

  • Education

  • Healthcare

  • Retail

  • Transportation

  • Tourism

• Growth Drivers:

  • Digital services expansion

  • Infrastructure development

  • Increased consumer spending

📚 Educational Landscape

Literacy Rates (2023)

• Overall: 79.8%

  • Male: 84.9%

  • Female: 73.9%

• Urban Areas: 83.1%

• Rural Areas: 69.5%

School Education

• Number of Schools: 94,686

• School Distribution:

  • Primary Schools: 44%

  • Upper Primary: 42.7%

  • Secondary: 2%

  • Higher Secondary: 11.2%

• Infrastructure:

  • Electricity Access: 79.8% of schools

  • Functional Toilets: 94.2%

  • Drinking Water: 95.5%

  • Internet Connectivity: 18.5%

  • Computer Availability: 19.6%

Higher Education

• Institutions:

  • Institutes of National Importance: 8

  • Central Universities: 4

  • State Universities: 20

  • Private Universities: 7

  • Deemed Universities: 1

• Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in Higher Education: 24.5%

• Gender Parity Index (GPI): 0.92

🏛️ Government & Fiscal Indicators

• Revenue Receipts (2023–24): ₹2.12 lakh crore

• Expenditure (2023–24): ₹2.38 lakh crore

• Fiscal Deficit: 3% of GDP

• Revenue Surplus: ₹4,479 crore